Buddhist Ethics

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With over 520 million followers, Buddhism is now the world's fourth largest religion. Over the last seventy years or so there has been a growing interest in Buddhism, and it continues to capture the imagination of many in the West, who see it as either an alternative or a supplement to their own religious beliefs. For complex cultural and historical reasons, ethics has not received as much attention in traditional Buddhist thought as it has in the West. In this Very Short Introduction, Damien Keown explores how Buddhism approaches a range of moral issues of our age, including our relationship with our environment, our treatment of animals, and our stance on abortion, on sexuality and gender, on violence and war. This new edition also includes a discussion of the ethical challenges posed by cutting-edge developments in science and biomedical technologies, including neuroscience, artificial intelligence, transhumanism, and gene editing.
ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short…

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He and others worry that laying claim to individual rights conflicts with the Buddhist doctrine of ‘no-self’ (anātman): if there is ultimately no self, the argument goes, then who or what is the bearer of the rights in question? This is a complex issue, but a defender of rights might point out that the doctrine of no-self (anātman) only denies the existence of a transcendental self (ātman), not of a phenomenal, empirical self. It does not deny the existence of human individuals with unique self-shaped identities, and if such identities provide a foundation stable enough for the attribution of duties, as the Buddha clearly believed, presumably they also do for rights.
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The reader may also recall that in we mentioned that Buddhism expresses its ethical requirements in the form of duties rather than rights. In the West, however, the vocabulary of rights has become the lingua franca of political and ethical discourse, and substantive moral claims are made and defended by appeal to rights. Thus, the abortion debate is commonly framed as a clash between ‘the right to choose’ and ‘the right to life’. Proponents of euthanasia speak of the ‘right to die’, and minority rights are claimed in a plethora of contexts, such as ‘gay’ and ‘transgender’ rights. Some commentators, however, suggest that framing issues in these terms is inappropriate in the case of Buddhism.
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Replacing control with acceptance, according to the Stoics, is the way to achieve the state of happiness known as eudaimonia.
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